• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for producing a crowning on a sintered component (2) produced from a sintered powder, in particular on teeth of a sintered component (2) having a toothing, by calibrating the sintered component (2), for which purpose the sintered sintered component (2) in a calibration tool (1) is introduced, which has a shaping space (8) with at least one shaping wall (9), wherein in the forming wall (9) to be produced crowning of the sintered component (2) inverse crown is formed, and After calibration, it is removed again from the calibration tool (1). The size of the shaping space (9) of the calibration tool (1) is maintained unchanged at least for the period starting with the introduction of the sintered component (2) into and ending with the removal of the sintered compact (2) from the calibration tool (1) ,
    公开号:AT516779A1
    申请号:T50042/2015
    申请日:2015-01-23
    公开日:2016-08-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for producing a crown on a sintered component produced from a sintered powder, in particular on teeth of a sintered component having a toothing, by calibrating the sintered component, for which purpose the sintered sintered component is introduced into a calibrating tool having a shaping space with at least one shaping wall , wherein in the forming wall to be produced to be produced crown of the sintered component inverse crown, and is removed again after calibration from the calibration tool.
    Thickness crowning on teeth of powder metallurgy fabricated components is advantageous for the running behavior of gears with a running gear, such as e.g. the contact pattern, the NVH behavior, the compensation of axis errors, etc. The width crowning can be produced by machining the teeth after sintering.
    However, rolling processes are also known from the prior art. Thus, e.g. DE 32 19 674 A1 a method for producing a rack-shaped tool for the Kaltrollen a crowned toothing, after which on a tool insert blank a toothing with straight teeth is generated, wherein the tool insert blank is clamped during the generation of the toothing and / or provided with the toothing tool insert is curved in use so that results in the finished tool from a tool carrier and the tool insert mounted thereto a complementary to the tooth shape of the crowning tooth shape of the teeth of the tool insert.
    Rolling processes for producing crowns are also known from DE 18 17 649 A1, DE 20 60 579 A1, AT 508 990 B1, WO 2008/116243 A1 and US Pat. No. 6,517,772 B1.
    Further methods and tools for producing crowns or for rolling gears are known from JP 2008-049384 A, DE 19 66 067 A1, DE 20 04 222 A1, DE 16 52 654 A1, FR 2 385 480 A1 , GB 2 146 590 A, CH 564 999 A5, DE 29 48 106 A1 and US 6,289,586 B1.
    From the Austrian patent application of the applicant with the file number A 50550/2013 a calibration tool for producing a crown on a sintered component, in particular on teeth of a toothed sintered component is known, comprising a Kalibrierwerkzeuggrundkörper in which a calibration insert is held, wherein the calibration insert a recess for receiving the sintered component to be calibrated or for receiving a pressure pin. The calibration insert is adjustable in a direction perpendicular to a pressing direction, so that a diameter of the recess can be reduced or increased. For this purpose, an adjusting device is provided, which acts on the calibration insert for changing the diameter of the recess. On an inner surface or an outer surface of the calibrating insert is formed a recessed area or a raised area for producing the crown. Furthermore, this patent application describes a corresponding method for producing a crown on a sintered component using this calibration tool.
    The present invention has for its object to provide a way with which a toothing with teeth that have a crown, can be made easier.
    This object is achieved with the aforementioned method in which the size of the shaping space of the calibration tool is maintained unchanged at least for the period starting with the introduction of the sintered component into and ending after the removal of the sintered molding from the calibration. Surprisingly, it has been found that a crown on a sintered component, in particular the teeth of a toothing of the sintered component, can also be produced if the calibrated sintered component is expelled after calibration from a Kalibrierform that offers no way to increase them for the ejection. The crown must therefore be forced during ejection through the existing cross-sectional taper in the region of the axial opening of the calibration. It would be expected that the crown is deformed and disappears when the sintered component is ejected. In the course of tests, however, it was found that, although a certain deformation can take place, the crowning per se is maintained to an extent which, from the application point of view, is sufficient for the sintered component. Thus, it is thus possible to simplify the production of the crowning during the calibration of the sintered component, since no adjustments for the reduction or enlargement of the diameter of the forming space are required, as is the case in the aforementioned patent application of the applicant with the file reference A 50550/2013 is. But this can also shorten the process time for a sintered component and consequently the throughput per unit time can be increased.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the method can be provided that a one-piece calibration tool is used made of a rigid material. The calibration tool itself is thus easier to handle and also more robust, so that higher forming forces can be applied during calibration. By dispensing with a division of the calibration tool, burr formations on the sintered component can moreover be avoided more easily, as a result of which method shortening for producing the sintered component can also be achieved by reducing the individual process steps for the post-processing of the sintered component.
    Preferably, it can further be provided that the calibration for producing the crowning is carried out immediately after the sintering of the sintering powder. The sintered component is thus not surface-compacted, in particular, prior to calibration. It can thus be achieved that the calibration is carried out at a lower mechanical stress of the sintered component, ie under "gentler" conditions. In addition, a reduction in the tolerances of the sintered component can be achieved, since the plastic flow of the material during calibration can be improved if the calibration is carried out immediately after the sintering of the sintering powder.
    According to another embodiment, it can be provided that a calibration tool is used, which has a cylindrical region which adjoins directly to an insertion opening of the calibration tool for the sintered component. It can thus be achieved a better preservation of the crown when ejecting the sintered component from the calibration tool.
    It can also be provided that the calibrated surface of the sintered component is at least partially surface-densified during calibration and / or during removal of the sintered component from the calibration tool, so that the sintered component achieves better mechanical characteristics even without subsequent surface compaction. By eliminating a subsequent surface compaction, in turn, a corresponding process shortening for the production of the sintered component can be achieved.
    According to another embodiment variant of the method, it can be provided that a calibration tool is used which has a forming edge between the cylindrical region and the region with the convexity inverse to the crowning of the sintered component. It can thus be made a sintered component having a density gradient in the region of the surface in the axial direction, whereby the contact pattern of a toothing can be improved in meshing engagement with a further toothing.
    A calibration tool may be used whose inverse crowning to be produced on the sintered component is symmetrical in the axial direction. It can thus be generated on the sintered component crowns having an asymmetrical course in the axial direction, whereby also the contact pattern of a toothing in meshing engagement with a further toothing can be influenced.
    On the other hand, it is also possible that a calibration tool is used, whose inverse crowning to be produced on the sintered component is asymmetrical in the axial direction. Thus, the crowning of the sintered component in the calibration tool is likewise formed asymmetrically. However, this asymmetry can be at least partially compensated for by ejection of the sintered component from the calibration tool by partially plastic, permanent deformation, in particular if a forming edge is formed in the calibration tool.
    Preferably, in the last-mentioned embodiment variant of the method, it is provided that a radius of curvature of the inverse crown in the direction from a first end face to a second end face of the calibration tool increases, whereby the formation of an at least approximately symmetrical crown on the sintered component during the ejection of the calibrated sintered component is supported.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    Each shows in a simplified, schematic representation:
    Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a calibration tool cut in side view;
    FIG. 2 shows a detail of the calibration tool in view of the forming walls formed in the manner of a toothing; FIG.
    3 shows a detail of a toothing with a width crowning of the tooth flanks of the teeth;
    4 shows a detail of another variant of a calibration tool cut in side view;
    5 shows a detail of a further variant of a calibration tool cut in side view;
    6 shows a detail of a further variant of a calibration tool cut in side view;
    Fig. 7 shows a detail of another embodiment of a calibration tool cut in side view.
    By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals and the same component names, the disclosures contained throughout the description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and these position information in a change in position mutatis mutandis to transfer to the new location.
    FIG. 1 shows a calibration tool 1, which can also be labeled as a calibration matrix, for calibrating a sintered component 2.
    The sintered component 2 is in particular a spur gear. For the purposes of the invention is meant by a spur gear both a spur gear per se (for meshing engagement in the teeth of another gear) and a toothed belt or sprocket understood. However, it is also possible to produce other sintered components 2 with the calibration tool 1.
    For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that a sintered component 1 or a powder metallurgical component is usually produced by the following process route: optionally pre-alloying the powder used; - powder mixing; - Pressing a green compact from the powder in a mold; Sintering of the green compact, the sintering also being possible in two stages; - calibrating the sintered component; Optionally mechanical and / or physical after-treatment (for example hardening) of the sintered component.
    Since this basic procedure and modifications thereof are known from the prior art, reference is made to avoid repetition on the relevant literature.
    The calibration tool 1 is used in the process step "calibration of the component". It is provided that in this process step, not only the calibration per se, so the increase in the dimensional accuracy of the sintered component 2, takes place, but at the same time a crown on teeth 3 of a toothing 4 of the sintered component 2 is generated.
    A crowning in the sense of the invention is understood in particular to mean a deviation of the linearity of the tooth flanks of teeth of a toothed wheel. Both the width crowning, as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 3, are understood to mean the profile crowning and the flank rotation crowning. The width crowning is a modification of the tooth profile along the tooth width in the axial direction of a gear, the longitudinal crowning a modification of the theoretical tooth profile in the profile direction of the tooth root to the tooth head, and the flank rotation crowning a modification of the tooth profile by rotation of a tooth flank in the longitudinal direction. The definitions of the height and width crowning of gears are contained in the standard DIN 3960.
    In particular, width balancing is produced with the calibration tool 1.
    All three types of crowning can be created together or only a single one or a combination of two of the aforementioned types of crowning.
    Furthermore, the calibration tool 2 is preferably applied to straight toothings. But it can also be produced with a crowning of the tooth profile helical gears.
    The crowning can be performed both symmetrically and asymmetrically. This means that, for example, in the case of a width crowning, one side of the tooth flanks (viewed in the axial direction of the toothed wheel) is withdrawn more strongly (based on the theoretical profile) than the second side.
    In Fig. 1, the calibration tool 1 for producing a Breitenballigkeit on the tooth flanks of a tooth 3 is shown.
    The calibration tool 1 can be held in a corresponding, not shown, pressing device in a tool holder 5. Both the tool holder 5 and the pressing device are known from the prior art, so reference is made to further details on it.
    The calibration tool 1 has a recess 7 formed continuously in an axial direction 6. The recess 7 serves for introduction into or removal of the sintered component 1 from the calibration tool 1. The recess 7 is surrounded by at least one shaping wall 8. As better seen in Fig. 2 it can be seen, the shaping wall 8 is formed in the manner of a toothing so as to be able to calibrate the teeth of a gear.
    By at least one shaping wall 8 is meant that the number of shaping walls 8 depends on the shape of the sintered component 2 to be calibrated.
    The at least one shaping wall 8 defines a shaping space 9.
    As is known, the calibration of a sintered component serves to improve the dimensional accuracy of the sintered component, that is to say, for example, to remedy inaccuracies, e.g. Distortion caused by sintering. It can be used to reduce the tolerances. Accordingly, the geometry of the forming space 9 and its dimensions generally correspond to the finished sintered component.
    After having been calibrated in the method which is the subject of this patent application, a crowning of at least one surface of the sintered component 2 is produced, a recess 10 in the form of a recess is provided in the embodiment of the calibration tool 1 according to FIG. 1 in the at least one shaping wall 8 , The shape and dimensions of this recess 10 correspond to the crown to be produced in the calibration tool. The size of the recess 10 is preferably larger than the finished crown on the
    Sinter component 2 after demolding from the calibration tool 1. It is thus an optional permanent plastic deformation of the crown on the sintered component 1, which can be caused by the demolding, taken into account.
    The recess 10 is formed in this embodiment of the calibration tool 1 as a recess. Accordingly, a positive crowning, in particular a positive width crowning, on the tooth flanks of the sintered component 2 is produced with this calibration tool 1.
    For the production of gears, the recess 10 is formed axially symmetrical. If, however, the sintered component 2 to be calibrated deviates from the "circular geometry", the plan view of the recess 10 is correspondingly adapted to the plan of the sintered component 2 in the axial direction 11, i. the contour in the radial direction in order to create the sintered component 2 over its entire circumference over the shaping wall 9. In the event that a gear is calibrated with the calibration tool 1, the inner surface of the calibration tool 1 also has a toothing.
    For the production of the sintered component 1, as already described above, a semifinished sintered component 1 is produced by sintering from a sintering powder. In this state, the sintered component 1 does not yet have any crowning on at least one of its surfaces, that is to say, in particular, there is still no width crowning of the tooth flanks of the teeth 3 of a toothing of a toothed wheel. The crowning is produced only in the course of calibrating the sintered component 1.
    It should be mentioned in this context that under the cross section of a normal involute toothing per se, as they may be present after sintering, no crowning in the sense of the invention is understood.
    Both the upper punch 11 and the lower punch 12 are adapted at their radial outer surfaces to the geometry of the at least one shaping wall 8, so for example, also a
    Having external teeth which engages in the internal toothing of the calibration tool 1 during calibration.
    For calibrating the sintered, preferably not surface-compressed sintered component 2, this can be placed on the lower punch 12, for which purpose the lower punch 12 can be moved in the axial direction 6 upwards to the upper opening of the calibration tool 1. As soon as the toothing of the sintered component 2 coincides in its position with the internal toothing of the calibration tool 1, if the sintered component 2 has a toothing, the upper punch 11 is lowered downwards in the direction of the lower punch 12 until it rests on the sintered component 2. In this position, the lower punch 12 and the upper punch 11 are then lowered further down so that the sintered component 2 reaches the region of the recess 10 of the calibration tool. For calibration, the upper punch 11 can then be further lowered in the direction of the stationary lower punch. It comes to a flow of material by the recess 10 is filled to produce the crown of the calibration tool 1 with the displaced material. In addition, other inaccuracies of the sintered component are thereby eliminated, as is well known. The sintered component 2 thus completely engages the calibration tool 2 and imits its inner contour of the shaping space 9.
    As soon as this calibration step is completed, the upper punch 11 is raised again so that it comes out of engagement with the calibration tool. Thereafter, the calibrated sintered component is expelled from the calibration tool 1 by lifting the lower punch 12. After the cross-section of the shaping space 9 becomes smaller towards the top, the sintered component 2 is partially plastically deformed back. Surprisingly, however, the trained crowning, in particular width crowning, is retained, so that therefore the finished calibrated, ejected sintered component 2 has the desired crowning after the ejection.
    Thus, with the invention, a method for producing a crown on a sintered component 2 produced from a sintering powder, in particular on teeth of a sintered component 2 having a toothing, is provided by calibrating the sintered component 2, for which purpose the sintered sintered component 2 is introduced into the calibration tool 1 , which has the shaping space 9 with at least one shaping wall 8, wherein in the forming wall 8 a complementary crowning of the sintered component 2 to be produced is formed, and after calibration is removed again from the calibrating tool. The size of the shaping space 9 of the calibration tool 1 is maintained unchanged at least for the period starting with the introduction of the sintered component 2 into and ending with the removal of the sintered molded part 2 from the calibration tool 1. That is, the diameter or the cross-sectional shape is changed at any point of the calibration tool 1 at least during this period, so not increased or decreased, as in the method according to the above-mentioned patent application of the applicant with the file number A 50550/2013 of Case is. Preferably, the calibration tool consists of a solid material and is in particular in one piece, so not divisible executed.
    The possibly occurring permanent plastic deformation of the crown during the removal of the sintered component 2 from the calibration tool can, if necessary, be taken into account simply by appropriate design of the size of the shaping space 9, so that the finished calibrated sintered component 2 has the crowning to the desired extent.
    The demolding of the sintered component 2 can also be done so that first the lower punch 12 is lowered and then the sintered component 2 is ejected with the upper punch 11 down. For the centering of the sintered component 2, a core pin 13 may be provided, as indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1, which is immovable in the calibration tool 2, i. fix, can be arranged.
    The calibration tool 1 preferably consists of a one-piece, rigid, in particular metallic material, so that therefore the method can be carried out using such a calibration tool 1. In particular, the calibration tool 1 may consist of a steel.
    It is further preferred if the calibration for producing the crowning is carried out immediately after the sintering of the sintering powder.
    Although it is in principle possible for the recessed area in the at least one shaping wall 8 of the calibration tool 1 to be formed immediately adjacent to an insertion opening 14 of the calibration tool 1 for introducing the sintered component 2, it is preferred if the calibration tool 1 adjoins the insertion opening 14 immediately First, at least one cylindrical portion 15 having a constant diameter, to which the recess in the forming wall 8, ie the recess 10, connects to produce the crown, as shown in Fig. 1.
    It is also possible, although not preferred, for the region 15 to be conical.
    Preferably, the calibration tool also has a second cylindrical portion which is formed at the bottom in the region of the sub-plunger 12, as shown in Fig. 1.
    The negative crown in the calibration tool 1, i. the recess 10 can be made for example by deflection during erosion with a defined factor. The maximum depth of the recess 10 relative to the cylindrical inner surface of the calibration tool depends on the desired geometry of the crown to be produced on the sintered component 2. For example, a radius of curvature 16 of the recessed region of the recess 10, in particular rounded, can be selected from a range of 10 mm 15,000 mm.
    As can be seen from FIG. 4, the recess 10 of the calibration tool 1 can be formed symmetrically, so that therefore the rounding of the negative crown has only one, constant rounding radius 16.
    But it is also possible, as shown in Fig. 5, that the calibration tool 1 has a to be produced on the sintered component 2 crown inverse crown in the axial direction, which is formed asymmetrically. For this purpose, the recess 10 of the calibration tool 1 can be designed, for example, with different rounding radii 16. Thus, the radius of curvature 16 of the recess 10 in the direction from a first end face 17 to a second end face 18 of the calibration tool 1 can be larger.
    It is also possible that the calibrated surface of the sintered component 2 is at least partially surface-compacted during the calibration and / or during the removal of the sintered component 2 from the calibration tool 1. For this purpose, the recess 7 (FIG. 1) of the calibration tool 1 can be designed with a smaller diameter than the maximum outer diameter of the sintered component 2.
    But it is also possible that a calibration tool 1 is used in the process having a forming edge 19. This can, for example, as shown in Fig. 4, be formed in the transition from the recess 10 to the cylindrical portion 15 of the calibration tool 1. For example, This transition region can be sharp-edged. It can thus be formed a density gradient of the calibrated surface in the axial direction 6.
    It should be noted, however, that the transition from the recess 10 to the cylindrical portion 15 is formed with a rounding, as shown in Fig. 6.
    FIG. 7 shows a variant of the calibration tool 1 which, instead of the recess 10 in the at least one shaping wall 8, has an elevation 20 which projects radially inwards beyond the shaping wall 8. It is thus possible to produce sintered components 2, which have a negative crown, as an indentation, for example in the region of the tooth flanks.
    In general, depending on the design of the calibration tool 1, the crowning can also be present on the tooth tip of a toothed wheel or geared sintered component 1.
    It is also possible that the calibration of the sintered component 2 is performed hot, whereby the formation of the crown is simplified.
    Although the above statements are based on outer surfaces of sintered components 2, in particular on external toothing of sintered components 2, it is possible to provide inner toothings or inner surfaces of sintered components 2 with such crowns. It is to a core pin with a correspondingly shaped surface, so with a, having a crowning surface used. However, this core pin may not be fixed like the above-mentioned core pin 13. It is thus possible that this core pin can move up and down in the axial direction 6.
    The calibrated and corrugated sintered component 2 produced according to the method is preferably not surface-compacted after calibration. Likewise, preferably no hard / fine machining of the calibrated surface takes place. However, various heat treatments, as known in the field of the production of sintered components 2, are applicable after calibration.
    The exemplary embodiments show possible design variants of the calibration tool 1, wherein it should be noted at this point that various combinations of the individual design variants are also possible with one another.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the calibration tool 1, this or its components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
    LIST OF REFERENCES 1 calibration tool 2 sintered component 3 tooth 4 toothing 5 tool holder 6 axial direction 7 recess 8 shaping wall 9 shaping space 10 recess 11 upper punch 12 lower punch 13 core pin 14 insertion opening 15 area 16 rounding radius 17 end face 18 end face 19 forming edge 20 elevation
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Method for producing a crown on a sintered component (2) produced from a sintered powder, in particular on teeth of a sintered component (2) having a toothing, by calibrating the sintered component (2), for which the sintered component (2) is placed in a calibration tool (2) 1) having a shaping space (8) with at least one shaping wall (9), wherein in the forming wall (9) to be produced crowning of the sintered component (2) inverse crown is formed, and after calibration again from the calibration tool ( 1), characterized in that the size of the shaping space (9) of the calibration tool (1) at least for the period starting with the introduction of the sintered component (2) into and ending after the removal of the sintered molded part (2) from the calibration tool (1). 1) is maintained unchanged.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a one-piece calibration tool (1) is used made of a rigid material.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the calibration for producing the crowning is performed immediately after the sintering of the sintering powder.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a calibration tool (1) is used, which has a cylindrical portion (15) directly to an insertion opening (14) of the calibration tool (1) for the sintered component (2 ).
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the calibrated surface of the sintered component (2) during the calibration and / or during the removal of the sintered component (2) from the calibration tool (1) is at least partially surface-densified.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a calibration tool (1) is used, which has a forming edge (19) between the cylindrical portion (15) and the region with the crown to the crown of the sintered component (2) inverse crown ,
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a calibration tool (1) is used, whose symmetrical to the on the sintered component (2) produced crown inverse crowning in the axial direction is formed.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a calibration tool (1) is used, which is formed asymmetrically to the on the sintered component (2) to be produced crown inverse crown in the axial direction.
    [9]
    9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that a radius of the rounding of the inverse crown in the direction from a first end face (17) to a second end face (18) of the calibration tool (1) is larger.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US10022798B2|2018-07-17|
    US20160214178A1|2016-07-28|
    CN105817628A|2016-08-03|
    AT516779B1|2017-04-15|
    DE102016200341A1|2016-07-28|
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    法律状态:
    2021-09-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20210123 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50042/2015A|AT516779B1|2015-01-23|2015-01-23|Method for producing a crown on a sintered component|ATA50042/2015A| AT516779B1|2015-01-23|2015-01-23|Method for producing a crown on a sintered component|
    DE102016200341.0A| DE102016200341A1|2015-01-23|2016-01-14|Method for producing a crown on a sintered component|
    US15/001,337| US10022798B2|2015-01-23|2016-01-20|Method for forming a crowning on a sintered component|
    CN201610044759.9A| CN105817628A|2015-01-23|2016-01-22|Method for forming crowning on sintered component|
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